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Highly optimized steel catenary risers involving the use of special joints in their touch down zone are a feature of modern deep-water systems. Research has shown that including joints of SCR pipe made from titanium is an effective method of improving SCR fatigue and stress response at the touch down zone. Although titanium costs are significant its use in such joints is cost effective by comparison with in-service operational techniques to manage riser fatigue or riser replacement. The couplings between these joints have thus far been flanged. Technology now exists to make the titanium pipe sections weldable.
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